The Cincinnati Enquirer from Cincinnati, Ohio • Page 63

THE ENQUIRER, CINCINNATI, SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1915 BECTIOX THREB A Review of Cincinnati's Part in the Field of Art 1HJ3 part Cincinnati ha played tn latlna In Cincinnati then was that It wm sienna now, iff one nt, me iinpni country. Its large atuiilon nnd lis buiiutl- illustrations of the Zuni Indians, thus starting hla career na an Indian painter. might be well to mention the fact right hero that as The Knouikefi has reviewed the work of Cincinnati living artists extensively during tho past few years in its Sunday edition In "The Week In Art Clr-clea" we shall In thla crowded article touch but lightly upon the men and mat-tors of 'current interest. Among tho art-lota here In were Mlas Mary Spencer, who hod come to Cincinnati In U. Israel Quick painted portraits then.

The most popular field of painting during these yearn were, of course, the war pictures, and we nro- told the bloodier they were tho more they were liked. In IHur one of the most brilliant of American pain ten, painted with Miss Spencer at her studio that year. It happened In 187." that Boston experienced an cxhlblttiin by ClnclnnaUan tthat should cnuec a nensntlon and prove to be of greatest influence everywhere In America. It waa tho one-man show of Frank Du-veneck, compound of portraits painted during his firm thrcc-ycar stay In Munich. The kucccss of thla exhibition waa tremendous.

At the grent centennial In IS7U, Duven-eck's famous "Turkish Pago" wan shown for tho first time nnd adored a grent hit, evidence of which in that It was Immediately bought for the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In IS7II Duveneck school: John S. Meyrenherg and Lizzie Nourtio take silver medals nt the annual students' exhibition. In the night class wc find among others II. Mcnkln ami ICmery 11.

Barton. A diploma for the nnttnuo Is given to Alfred Klzner that year. John Bettig and Matt A. Duly. Albert It.

Valenllner, Clifford Wood. John F. Greyson are given diplomas for dccorntlvo In 1880, on September nt the opening of an Industrial cxpo-dtiuii hero Charles W. West offered by letter tho mini of SirAOOO for tho founding nf an art museum, provided a ulmllnr amount would bo subscribed. Thla wrui a matter that was accomplished only a few weeks later, the Pth of October, the closing day of the exposition, on which evening Mr.

M. K. InKnlU, President uf the exposition, rose In -May of the same year the Municipal Art Society was organized by w. Tay-. lor, I.uclen Wulsln and other puhlle-Bpltltoil citizen.

In 1MIS thb Society of Western Artists ia organised. L. H. Meakln, who has been the President of thin society, was one of the sreat factors in the birth ot It, In fact, he has been allied the father of this ambitious nnd successful enterprise. L.

II. Mcakfn camo here from Englund when a more boy; ho studied at the School of Design and. In 18s7, under Loeffta and Gyaly in Munich. He thon bevamo teacher In the Art Academy, and later Honorary Curator of Paintings at the Museum. In UH0 ho Was President ot Art Club.

In 191 a he was elected Associate of tlie National Academy. Mr. Meakln' name ranks among the greatest of our landscape painters. In 1IHI2 Mr. J.

H. Gest became the Director of tho Art Museum. Clement Barnhorn executed hla line "Maenads" for tho Queen City Club. In Alexander's "Itodln" In aaiutred by tho Museum. In 1U05 was the Blum exhibition nt the Museum, which Includes the fine bronze bust Nlelmtm made of Blum.

can only lay claim to Charloa -Henry Xlchaus, who wna born In Cincinnati of German parents, nnd opent the formation years uf hla life here. Like so many, he did good engraving, etono cutting and carving for years. Ho went to the School of Design nnd later to Mu-. nlch, where nt the Royal Academy ho soon won several honors. Ho returned to Cincinnati nt tho tlmo of President GnrOeld's death.

Another celebrated artlat who baa spent nn InterestiiiB period here in Solon II. Bnrglum. Borglum fa one of the truly American sculptors. He wan horn In Ogden, Utah. In lsiw, nnd camo to Cincinnati in 181)." with the purpose of studying; In an art school.

A gift of hlf "Stampede of Wild Horses" was made by the Hculptor to our Museum, In which it Is mom effectively puiced over tho entrance hall. Borglum Is a resident of New York, In 1P07 the beautiful Emma Louise Schmldlapp Building was given to Cfucin- nt tr. tIMItt 1f VAn'nlKiV nn.t in Cincinnati, with Charles Stetson na President. Whllo It also did lt shato of helping to cultivate taste, lift exlHtonco was short. A gallery containing national portraits was started In 1H4S.

Itn ex-iHtcnce wan even morti nrlef. OlHt men-tlotiH aililltlohal portrait and landscape painters In Cincinnati beforo I BT, C. It. Edwards, Jacob Cox, D. Ft.

Waloutt, C. J. and Jessu Ilnlae. C. s.

spinning, George W. Phillips, P. MeCrnlght. Ralph BittUf, A. P.

Bontc. George W. While and Jacob 1 1, Sloop. A. II.

llammlll painted animals, Gerhard Mueller and Henry Kocm-pul did historical subjects. In 1851 there won a picture gallery hero, started by William Wlawoll, which contained MjO portraits. Kellogg, Beard, Ilothcrwell and rtcJid were among the most noted men included. Tho samo year Henry osier, 10 yenra old, camo here with nf family. Ilo only stayed three years, when ho loft for Nashville, Tenn.

Ho camo back nomo time later and drew for a while for a Cincinnati comic weekly called The Omnlbun. Moalor became the student of Jumea 11. Beard In 18.1(1 and studied with him for three years. He then became an art correspondent In the war for Harper's Weekly (1802-tW). In lfitfl Duaseldorf and Purls follows, where he studied until 1880, when he settled In New York.

In 1S7P the French Government, purchased Ills "he lieloiir" for the Luxembourg Museum, which meant tho first great nonor Franco bestowed on an American arllat. The painter, who la a resilient of New York, haa achieved many more laurels. He la beautifully represented Jn our Museum with two convases. In ISM powers "Greek Slave" was tho center of interest at the New York Fair, and tho ah mo year may be used us a link between tho early md modern periods of American art. since it marks the birth In Cincinnati of one whone personality, rarely poetic and.

at the same time, artistically big, was to ntamp him as una of the greatest of nil American painters, John Twnchtman. John Twnchtman. Here was an nrtlat who was so far ahead of hla time, no unuaual in his artistic make-up. so fearless and naturally fo very much misunderstood. Of course, he proved too much for Cincinnati, with his eye for the delicate Impressionistic quality in nature, when he brought hi" pictures before the Cincinnati public with thoso of the other Cincinnati fellow students In IbSJ at an exhibition at CIos-pon's.

Hut really wasn't he too much altogether for American then? Twnchtman went to the School of Design In In 1H7.1 he went to Munich to study with lyjcrrtH until when he went to Venice, where he studied with Duvnneck for one year. In the year Iftil a group of ladles started the Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, in thbj town alone that it committee made up of clergymen waa appointed In the Interest yf public motels for ft critical examination of the work, which resulted in ur.tinlmouft approval. "The Greek Slave" wus pronounced to dophcsb "character." After ail, thla wiu only natural; even If it wn the first nude llgiire executed and exhibited by an American, above all the conception and added charm of beautiful execution were of such a character aa to awaken sympathy rather than antagonism. i An Interest inn rhapter on Cincinnati's early musetun deaervR space. Tho Hrst museum wan that of Ietton ami Willet, begun as early aa 1HIH, Hy 18'ji) Wlllct dropped out.

and the placo became known us Let ion's Muneutn. where It occupied two spacious hall In a building at Fourth and Main streets. Among Ha notable contents was a gallery of paintings In which Mi portrait)! of citizens were hung. In Itfl It was moved nnd waa aoon broken up. The most significant and unusual of theae muaeuma was the Western Museum, which was owned by Uorfeullle and Fred-crick Franks.

Franks was one of the. moBt romantic early figures here. Kxlled from Sweden, he urrlved In America about the year 1R10. The eauso of hla exile was a. pamphlet which he wroto condemning some of the military, tattles of Napoleon, and particularly the plnelng uf Uernadotte upon the throne of Sweden.

Franks was compelled to burn the work on one of tho great public amiarea In Stockholm, and waa exiled. He Innded in New Orleans, where lie taught drawing and Iitngusgcn. Some tlmo later he ar-rlvod In Cincinnati, and In '2H opened a mu-eiim, also called Gallery of Fne Aria, was on. Front street, and which later burned down. A pnrt of It, was called "The nitie Devils." waxworks on which It 1h said Power did some work.

Franks had In his gallery paintings of "Napokun Crossing tho Alpii," "The He or Hunker Hill," "Death of General Warren" and Trumbull's "Declaration of Independence." Incidentally Franka's gallery became notM alao as 'a' training achnul for young artists, several of Inter became famous. Among them were Miner K. KellogK, Franctn H. and William H. nenrd, Daniel Steele.

John Tuelt-er. William It. Powell and Thomas Itiiclt-nnan Herd. It was In Mi that Frank-. together with Dorfeullle.

opened the West ern Museum, which atood no I-if Mi and Main streets, and Inter on Third and Hyegmore, wheru Franks owned It Indl-vldttally. With Madame Trollopw. a French artist, Heirleii came to Cincinnati In 1S'-H. He decorated the bnxanr and painted the picture of "The landing of Ia Fayette," a large canvas with many flauro smanx whom hla friend Hiram Powers was included. Mrs.

Trollope's dolnss here and her book "Domestic Manners of the Americans" are things weJi known and are only especially Interesting In this connection as evidence how showy Cincinnati's rrputatlon as a eenter had become even In then- early years, a fact which, despite Mrs. Trollope's scornful criticism, la Indicative of a certain nenthotlc atmosphere noteworthy at least for a town only years old. In Ift.ni new nnmea of painter at fteth-el's Clunrooma include Aaron Day, Alon-so Douglas. Chrlstoiher JInrding. Thomas Dawson.

Samuel Dickinson. Samuel I le, Miner Kellogg, Daniel Steele and Thomas Tut tie, a pupil r.f West. The painters Dny. Dickinson and Lnnt had studios In the'Clty lintel. Hiram Fraier and John Nicholas Adam did moat of the rarvlnc nnd srlldlnc work at thin time.

James H. Ueard came to Cincinnati in 1MO or 1KJK. Within the next year an artist appears whose ge.nlus left very little trace, yet whatever that was. of a quality which stampn him as a great artlnt. one way ahead of bis time.

John P. Frankenstein. He was a pnlntor and aculptor-ln fart' he worked at all the different branches of art. HI bust of Judge Mclean at our Art Museum la genuine "maatenileee." utin which will preserve hi" name I ways in the annals of the great American aculptors. Together with John I-.

Whetstone he established In October. Ittfi. tho Academy of Fine Arts. Amour other artists here then are: (fcidfrey N. Frankenstein, a brother of John; August Rostnlitg, King.

ll. K. Hrown. Christopher Ilrackclt, a fine aulntor: Nathan Hather and Wil liam Sonntag. who became one of th most popular landscape painters.

It was in that a boy If. years old, lluehanan Urad, later the famoua port, came to -Cincinnati. His srtlfltlc aWllly found him a home with Clevengcr nnd ho wsj finally able, by tho help of Nicholas Ijongworth, to open a studio and paint portraits. Not long afterward he let Cincinnati anil exercisea various professions from the painting of signs and making cigars to the giving of public entertainment until he started ids first work In Hostnn In 1M2. Exhibition In 1839.

The year 1MD was the year of tho great exuimuon ui iiuiiii the Mcclinnica' InBtttute. the first of its kind ever held in the West. It comprised 1W works of both foreign and native artists. While thla exhibition wn not a financial aiiccecs, It naturally proved of great stimulating Interest In art. The name year the American Art Union was started In New York.

ine men who acquainted with works by Its native ar- tlMln. Tne moniuKromii o- Wlllcn IllO inrmwr gravlnga nnd general Information on mat-tera of art. Klght -cars later It had 127 members in Ings after works by thjs "ix Cincinnati iirn iinl tn IB. 475 I members aeattored among the vanoua American cities, i ne uitinnn who thus becaino widely known were Frankenstein. J.

H. Beard. T. W. i Whltrluge, w.

Bonnina, II. M. Conkoy. An -rt. lie lining.

lncldntiilly Cincinnati I. ile- Dickens In 1M2 "veil- Bnlt.ininli cull, the dpo.de 1S40-C0 tho one of rt In tho city, nnd yet In over the follwln K'tZ Which tho" of the. School of De.lnn, It become, evident th.t. n.t.ernrperlo I. Indeed KO.d.

en. tne icriy born nd reeelvlnl their rt tr.lnlnit here, Ilk, liium I uuvenecK, uncr, 'rinA Camp, Nlehaua. Dutx and Sharp, a period waa dawning which to-day counts as the most Important In our art traditions, Inasmuch as these men were all of a fundamental ntrength that should stamp at lcaet eight 01 inem of American art. With the first great exhibition and the Art Union a number of artists that are nnlrv into the new in iuwn golden ago. There were tho landscape painters W.

P. Brennan. Frederick Ber-V. ut a-hMffer. T.

Wlt- terldgo and John Cranach. Miniatures, always iiufuwi by Thomits Campbell. A. Baldwin, who it la said am marines msu. -posspssor of great imagination, a portrait painter, Charles Soule.

Mrs. Lily Martin Spencer, J. Insco Williama and J. Wolf, who. produced historical plctares, B.

S. Duncnnaon was a colored artist and 11c churches. Eastman Johnson, who later became lamoua, time painting portraits of our distinguished cltlians. Evidence for the feeling for art Culture Is found In the establishment In 1M0 of a department of the nne aria in me ouuiuw Promotion of Useful. Knowledge.

Lec- turea were oeuvereo py "uinw ou, Beard and John Cranach. It tures.had on average attendance or ow persons, mis, liaa uiwr uumr muwi- tloua did not last many years. In IMS Waste rn Art Union wm fcrmsjd the Held of American art Is ex-truordlnary. While fragments of tho hi nit" wo have to bo proud of In this connection novo l.ecn mentioned, the proper collective review of this whole Interesting field has never t'ceu adequately sot forth. Tho following account, brief as It munt be, in niatement of facts rigidly chosen from a wealth of material made In the effort to glvo a hird's-eyo view over the entire field-noting mostly tlie mont prominent landmarks and trylnf to place tht-m In th''lr trim relation to thulr surroundings.

A review of the nrt history of Cincinnati must begin very near the establishment the city Itself. Tlie art history of our city, deeply Im-heddrd In social, educational and material iditiona, a always, may )e roughly divided Into various periods, an Tlie year I70i In which the flrit artist's name appears Henry Jacob Heck -who represents the pioneer artist of He was a German nnd a feoiit of Wayne's army, In civil lire he was a landscape painter. He stayed here for Hunt years, and then went to Lex-liiKioii, where he died 12 yearn later. Ill wire came hack to Cincinnati after his (tenth and took chsrfto of a drawing miPM) In a ladle school. During the f.tr covering the time from Deck's iHi iippearance to when the man nlk'1 the father of hla art, licit an to uiy a moil prominent position In mir art tradition, should be noted tho wing: A.

II. Corwlne, who painted linn portraits; Samuel M. 10. a itnlmiipo painter; Joseph Miuon. por- tuittn; William West, John Wesley vie, Kd win It.

Sinlth. Joseph Kyle, 'urc pictures. We ore told that In these Ih)-m there existed a son of clubroom in li- second story of Mri. Sophia Atne- I'hik'k boarding house, at Sycamore where dlfTarunt artHts met, among Nathan W. Wheeler, portraits; K.

Smith. Curwlne. MaBnn and Dorfeutlic, IKJt thti artists gathered at a different plait, thu rooms of thti dancing iniiiitcr. Phlllbertus Kett'l, on Third airat, between Main nnd Walnut. Jumea H.

)i(fi1. the head of the family of artists. i-rt painted portrait hero, also John 'eagle, a student of Sully, who achieved Inter a popular reputation. Joseph Kyis also did portrait. In 1814 a Gerninn, named Sohofer.

who came hero from Pennsylvania, became the pioneer of that ever-successful and popular branch of art Cincinnati wood carving. lie Historical Society now owni a wooden Rtnlun of Minerva, which waa by him and which Blood for many years heron tlie Western Museum. Later Schafer. who elmnged hla name to Shepherd, went partnership with a Mr. Sims.

They did some of the beat ornamental work for ntenmlmals, V. V. Patlrnlna and J. O. Onnnan were both mlnlaturo painters, who were here for a tlmo.

William Jo no was can-Ins; here In 1810. and Jen Jacqtn Andu1in, fnmons ns an ornithologist and for hla colored drawlnKs birds, rnnrtn hln hendauartera here for while. John Airy was the earlier t'lor nere. Frederick Eckstein. While, more or lean, all of them men neiiient.

(inn titan in nartlcu ar la re- oiiMlitn for the tendency toward an rly development of art in Cincinnati nuv uio miner or nrt in i.ineinnaii i rreoenex KCKsiein. rrnm ueriin. me of a noted Prussian painter, sculptor nu arvniiecf or tun flnvn nf KriMlerlcK fireut. He mint, have been a moat runt lie mmi of keen IntolIlgetWo for (kill In fculpture. hla tnste hi paint ami Ida enterprising Industry are the (Imt definite expression of tiv una vouni rltv.

At student or urent ftVhndow, Eckstein chief work In sculpture. While hla school ni blllt as acumtar was to nrove or retitcat value hla teachinir of ils raft. Two men in nartkMi r. both ol nm became famous, benefited from his rlv ctlldnnen In tbl.i n1d. Ona of there nn Mnuonii v.

mvAniMr wnnae nt-imnai nif was Juhal Kleflnrer. who came to ni'innail Wlien hn wu linv. I a wita rm emniOVnd in tliM atnnAruiter vara fiavld Ciiilon. on Race ntreit, between ami Fourth streets. After his llllv wan demnnstrnteit In buat be if K.

Thonina lie ntorlod to atudy KckateJn. letter ho went to New rk, wheni he became famous for the nl end lil llkeneaies In lib portrolt huvta. immtr Ilia alttera thero were linrnson. van Buren, ICerett nnd WnahlnC Altuton. He finally was able in fto TtuJy, where ho produced nmonR other hliurs a notable work hln "North Amor- an innian" wnien inn eniini tne mt distinctive nleco of American acil n- made In Ilnino After iwo lie liven rtoine and died several years later ')Kb dlteoso of the limits from In.

IHiK stone dust, tlo la represented In arl naileries In America. Hi. ntne vear that Kcksteln founded ith oia enma tn Cincinnati wnoso Kcmuft should stoma him later na one of 1 greatest sculptors, often called "The I her of American Sculpture." (train Powen, born In lf In a niodcat rmhoure on the outskirts of Woodstock. N'obody knew Just how young Ulrain's blllty to model faces was discovered. lkelv It waa In nlnvln with tho tools of tirothcr.

who beirnn the study ot i acu nturo before Hiram had thousht of Is chiefly throuarn rowers that the nlnne features of Cincinnati's early his lory, its dime 'museums, notable chleny tne reaaait that tnoao vears wore so flclent Jn the nnvllcvres of a rlne elv-1 Ulzatlon. have received a ere tit deal of at tention and nre noted In connection with wers In all hooks on American. suulp- Powers became connected with the moat imhortant uT these Clielnnatt amuae. mcnt acea. the Weitcr-n aluaeum.

Wfien first urrlved In Cincinnati he went roush emnlnvment or the most variea orti In a readlnc room, a collector, nnd in a cloak factory. Now and arain neglected hla work on account of hla I Interest In Eckateln'w atudlo. In which he1 came to anend All or aDare me. ncre developed hli love for modsllnv, and roUKli Kckateln was nnanv aoie to pui newjy aeauirert Knowieiure oi squid- re into nraetlcal uee ttv oDtainins: a i ace as nn afct at in to waxwora nenari- irnt at the Western Muieum. Jt ne ho.

after kmtiln the ao-eallod "Blue Dev- mere, crnatea in iiueuiu, a inttn kno-n; "Tlie neaiDns, ut of It. ThMH Insenloua illustrations to Dante's work achieved an Immense popu lar aucceaa. it wait undoubtedly a clever ork and most 'admirably suited to tne public demand. Naat came his "Cutchins; kenKJt." In no rt rait busts of colebri- ea. Kt III in connection witn me western uneum.

in which it is aaiu no sugceuuo" admirably. Later he Joined forcca vrltn wo other nmhttloua vouns men, tt, t. Ttrown and Shobal N. Clevenaer. in KM he eomn)etet the work that- maae I in at once famous everywhere, Tne tjreek Slave." "The Oreak Slave." Tnsnlred bv litn enthusiasm for the Greeks, who then were flahtlnx for their liberty asslnat tho Turks, he produced i work, the nude figure of a girl, a gen-prlaoner taken by the Turks, and now belna offered norhans In a- nubllo place.

he work created a sensation wherever It was shown, and was fondly neiievea ip oo he best niece of scutoture known to hli tory. Not before IMT was It shown in Now York and. other cities. An Incident uich shows the rather ourltan spirit iui surroundings aro uunvnivu. An Artiste Class.

tn 1883 a few artists used to meet in John Rcttig's Kttldlo for work nnd talk. Thla waa really tho beginning of a life cluss which became later associated with the Cincinnati Art Club, Jn 1KSH Mr. Meakln and Miss Lord, both students of the School of Design, began teaching nt tho Art Academy. Charles Courtney' Currnn Is another product of the old McMlcken School. Later he wont to Purls to Jnllen'H.

Sinen 18X1 Currsn has been prominent exhibitor at all the big exhibitions In America and has received a great many Ho lives In New York. In 1687 there wna nn English water-color exhibition nt the Art Museum which wns much enjoyed, and that year wan furtner mnrlted by the appearance of young man in iho school who should in later yeara become one of ihc tuoFt dlHtluctly Individual moderns In American painting Bryaon Burroughs. Burroughs later went to Paris and from ttir came back to New York, where ho became curator or painting nt the Metropolitan Museum, At nn exhibition of hlH In Paris ono year iiro and hi one In Now York this winter Burroughs has been called one of the great individuals of America. In 18SS Duveneck became a teacher at the Art Academy. That year the old Indian mound waa opened In the presence of Mr.

Gent and Mr. Dormtni. For tho drat tlmo the urgent need for purchasing fund la urged by the Museum AHfloclatluu. Tiie following yeur Mra. M.

Long worth Storer started a class under Mr. Duveneck. which met at the Art Muaeum, nnd which numbered 40 pupils. Mr. Metikln returned that year from abroad, nnd says that to his mind Potthaat la the moat distinguished American painter In Paris.

Edward Henry Potthast. obrn hero In 18.17. Is of German stock. Hn.also started In a lithography place, nt tho samo time attending the night clnss of tho McMlcken school. Ho went to Munich In 1880.

From there ho wont to Antwerp and then to Munich for two years; from thero to I'arla for a fow months. He returned to Cincinnati, working again and saving again enough from the Held nf lltho-tirnphy to enable htm to go back to Paris three years later and atudy there for three yeara moro. Ho has been living in New York now for about J0 years. Pott-liitHt has gnlned great reputation, and Is recognized ns a brilliant nrllst. a great colorlst and most versatile In hla art.

That yenr Helnrlch Zugel'a great shcup painting, most valuable gift by Mr. L. B. Hnrrlsnn to the Museum- Mosler holds an exhibition of his workB at the Art Gallery at tho Cincinnati Exposition Building. Finally tho Art Club was formed under the Presidency of Mr.

John Rot-tig, who Is the fnthor of this society. At the Cincinnati Art Club's noteworthy twenly-IHth anniversary, which was celebrated recently, an nasembly of nrllBts and nrt Invent did honor to tho founders, the vnrioiiB leaders nnd the many flno achievements tho club has exercised during its oxlBtence. Especially during tho I last few years now Impulse has been erf ate In this organization which has shown most encouraging results. In 1801 I Clement Raruhorn wont to Paris. Rarn-l'orns ha- faithfully stuck to his native town; there were years when ho had reasons 10 go, undoubtedly, and It Is really only during about tho last Ihree or four yeara that ho has been working on a good many Important commlslons.

Barnhorn was born hero. He studied for 11 yearn, starting right from tho hottom, in a tomb atone shop, and later working with Fry and Reblsso. He wns sent to Paris In 1801, where he studied modeling under Puech and drawing under Bougor-eau for five years. In 181)8 lie became connected with the Art Acndomy. These last few year have been his most fruitful period.

Especially bis fountplna und his Miuionna iierorc the uovington cathedral nro magnificently representative, of this great and sincere artist. 'Woman's Art Club. In WP2 the Woman's Art Club wns organized with Miss Spencer ns President. The club was orluinntcd through Miss Spencer and Mls.i Wilson. Mr.

C. T. Webber, who always has shown tho greatest Interest In this organisation, has been calied tho father of the club. The mom-hershlp of the llrst live yeurs showod the following members: Misses Spencer. Fry, Solden, Wilson, Breilln, Haydock, Sykos, Lord, Frank.

Roberts, Miller, Bronkbank, Raymond, Fisher, Wilson. Kennett. Hol-terhoff, Newton and Trevlelt. Twelve of these nro still members. The same year the club was formed frfrnds of Elizabeth Nourse raised $1100 by popular subscription to purchase her excollont canvna, 'Tho Borat Peasants," for the museum.

That year Mr. Nowottny went abroad and Mr. Sharp took his place. A good bit of talk la raised about Cincinnati's women nrtlsta being well represented nt the Chicago Fair. From now on MIkb Elizabeth Nourse's career has been one of great note.

In 1803, the year of the World's Fair In Chicago, Incldantnlly the opening of the Art Institute In Chicago, whoBe growth has been colossal, tho Cincinnati artists wero well represented, the Cincinnati ladles having a speclul room at the Women's Building. That yenr at the Art Academy an Illustration clasB was founded under M. Longren, among the members being Blanche Letcher, Selden, Lord, Schwnrtz and BlutnenBcboln. Tho latter, Ernest Blumenschein, later went to Ncw York. He la one of tho welcome guests at our annual and counts ns a most sympathetic und able painter tn the East.

In 1804 Mr. Gcst reads a paper at the Commercial Club which is striking nnd encouraging In Its presentation of local hucccbsos In the Held of commercial art. We Need BOOK fellow! Hu writes Informing mo has Juat bad a very to-rlous toff with his wlfo over matter of monotony In her do mestic arrangement. 'It la like this," he says. "Recently we have had to study tho strictest economy.

I don't mind saying that I black my own boots In the morning now. My wife also gets along with an occasional help, and ho. to tin tho cooking herself. It Ib over this that tho trouble has been. There are only the two of us, and my wife's cooking ability Is, she Informs me, limited to 'plain and she cannot manage anything but beef and mutton.

So we have a beef week nnd then a mutton week. The following ifl tho usual course: 'Roast' mutton; cold mutton frlcaieo. mutton on toast. "Roast mutton; cold mutton fricassee, oh infnrtnn mp that by having a largo Joint and cooking It so that it only neods 'warming up' tho rent or tne wceg we nave our coal hill nnd the meat 'goes fur- Of course, she Is right, blie is 'one of the boat' and her only object is to my pocket. But week of mutton is frightfully monotonous." iio Rfivt thnt hla work Is "always tho same." Once upon a time, when they kept a mnld.

It was a pleasant inmg io fiiwt anmothlnr utiRxnccted for dinner. Ills appetite has now almost vanished. I am sorry' for him and I am sorry for the lady. What she's got to do la to buy had a class In Munich and one year later ono In Florence. Among hla pupils that should later be no mo celebrated painters were thon John Alexander, Joseph Do Camp, Julius Bolaboven, Charles Forhee, J.

O. Hopkins, Julian Story and others. In 1880 Duveneck produced most of hla beautiful etchings; one year later he came back to America for one year, but returned to Italy, to Venice tho ntfxt. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Buott, of Boston, In Purls in 188.1. She was herself a painter of dlatlnctlon and a pupil of his.

Mrs. Duveneck died only two yearn later, leaving a son, Francis II. Duveneck, Jr. After hJa wife's death Duveneck returned to hla old home In Covington, where ho hna lived ever since. We had arrived at the year 18.r, tho year Cincinnati had her llrst great musical festival, and the same in which Twnchtman goes to Munich.

KHzabeth, or as she was then called, Lizzie, Notirsc, entered tho School of Design that year together with Nettle Wilson. Among the students who at the clone of that year exhibited work were G. Lindsay, Laura Fry, I-oulse Mclaughlin, Fanny Casaldy, Laura Neff. J. II.

Twnchtman, Mrs. Lorx Anderson, and at the night class a man who has becomo well-known artlat In New York, W. J. Bner. A collection of oil palntlngn was also shown then, palntlng-f not done under the teachers of the school, an painting In oil had not as yet been madn a regular department in the school.

In 1S7H Joseph Long worth gave for the purpose of building an art nchonl. One year later, on April I'H, at a meeting of ladlea, an organization was completed that blazed the trail for the Art Museum Association. Tho President of this ambitious enterprise wan Mra. Aaron Perry; the leading object wne not exactly to accumulate the money fur nn irt miineum. but to cultivate public sentiment in favor of such nn institution.

That was In 1877, the same year being further tnnrked na tho red-letter period as to notable students In the Cincinnati School of Design. These were Lizzie Nourae, J. II. Sharp. Joo B.

DeCamp, Theodore Portrait of Robert Blum William m. Chase Wendel. Louis Lutz. Charles Nlehaus, W. J.

Boer, Robert Blum. Blum left that same year for Now York. Others then In the school were John Bettig, G. Weasel, Henry Erretty Rena DeCamp, B. Hammond, Chrtrlcs Vogt, A.

Neubauer. A notable Item here la that at the Htudonts' exhibition of thnt year, wood carvings wore included. Mi pa Kourso exhibited several of these. Notable Students. The moBt significant nole of theao yearn in tho artistic contradiction of things In Cincinnati la tho fact that at the time the Art School possessod its moat notable, array of flno students, the general situation hore was such that there soon could not have been any hope of further de velopment or'Buccess here.

The first ono to feel this waa Robert Blum, who soon left Cincinnati. When Blum was Japan In 1891 he recalled with bitterness his days In Cincinnati. Born hero In IS." of German parents, he began his early training In a lithograph establishment here. In 1800 ho went to Japan, where ho stayed for years to study tho Ipeople and tho scenery. He became a mepiber of the National Academy In 18IL.

In 1808 ho finished, perhaps, hla most famous work', the two friezes In old Mendelssohn Hall, In Now York. Ho died in ltxc, at the time of his death being at work with A. B. Wenxell on a decoration for the new Amsterdam Theater. Blum'n name will always live In the annals of art; especially his water colors possess the eloquent charm of a great personality.

William J. Bacr la the greatest living miniature painter. He was born In Cin-clnnatl'ln He, togother 'With Blum and Twach'tman, were all born In the Immediate vicinity of St. Paul's Church, and that neighborhood may well feel proud of thla great trio. Baer became an apprentice, first In wood engraving nnd then In lithography.

During his fourth year he. was paid only $7 per week. Ho then attended the night school of the School of Design. Later ho went to Munich with a. little one-year altowance.

Through prises ho waa able to stay 4 years there; then ho returned to America. Through W. A. Drake ho beeame an Instructor of wood engrnving In then follows Illustrating for the Century and Life. In he scores with a number of miniatures In New York and from that tlm received a great many honors In that Bold.

In later years Baer lived, together with Blum, ut a very quaint artistic home, built by Blum Jn historic, old Greenwich. In 1877 Charles Kaolin entora tho school, atari George S. Vreetand. In May of that year a loan exhibition, mostly ceramics, prepared by the Woman's Art Museum Association ait Mr. John Cochnowrs home.

The next year an etching and a pottery club ara started. Edward Potthast enters the i was born here Robert Henri. Thin fact la his only link with Cincinnati, aa Henri moved West with his family when ho was a mere boy. The samo year Charles Nie-haus, tho great aculptor, wan born here, and nlso painter who has pictured Cincinnati a great deal L. C.

Vogt. We will mention Nlebaus nnd Sir Moses Eickicl, who came hero In 1B, later. In 1808 there was an exhibition of paintings at WlHWell'a Gallery, on Fourth street, arranged by a newly organized society, the Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, of which W. S. Oroesbcck was the Prealdent that year and Joseph lungwort!) the next.

Among the painters represented here then who later became famoun ivcre George In-nes and Alexander Wyant. The Year 1880. The year ISOH waa the year that la golden, inasmuch an the School of Design was orgnnlxed aa part or tho McMlcken University ori Third nnd Main streets. At the head of the school won placed Thomaa 8. Noble, who was called from New York, Noble had a reputation in the Hast through a canvas eft Med "Tho Slave Mar-ket;" he hecamo an Academician In the Natlonul Academy; ho also waa a portrait painter of merit.

The School of Dculgn moved soon to tho Old College Hall Building on Walnut street, where Its quarters, first occupying only one story, wore greatly enlurged with the years. The studios were on the top of tho building, they were bright and large. Moses Ezeklol went that year to study in Berlin at the Koynl Academy. Kiteklel was born In Virginia In IH44. Aflr ho caino hero ho worked for.a while under T.

D. Joncg in his tombstone place. When he executed )n Berlin hla coloanul bust of Waahlngtun, a copy of which we have here, he was admitted Into the Berlin Society of Artists; In 1S78 he won the Prize of Borne and has made his home there ever since. EkcMcI-k reputation hus grown remarkably; he has executed a great many linn busts, one of the finest being that of Franz IJut. It Is said that this was the only bust for which the musician ever snt; he was then the gucat of tho Cardinal Hohcnloho at the Villa d'Ksto, In Tivoll.

Ktcklel, who visited Cincinnati only last year, wns knighted In recognition of his work. The year 1870 was a notable year In art history throughout this country. In New York, Boat on and Washington Museums were Incorporated. In Cincinnati that year the School of Design held an exhibition In which two names are especially Interesting Edward Potthast nnd Henri' H. Muhrman two artlsta who to-day rank among our moat distinguished Amor-lean painters.

Muhrman later went to Munich to study. He received medals In Chicago, Munich nnd St. That year also marks the departure of Duveneck for Munich. In IN71 Kcnyon Cox was drawing from tho Hut in the School of Design. Cox was born In Warren.

Ohio, In ItCrfl. He becumo early a resident In Cincinnati nnd studied art hero for several yearn. Later he went to Paris, wnero no worea miner woruiun-uuiMi nnd Gcrome. Since then he has lived in New York' and has won great distinction not only as a painter, but also aa a writer, apeaker and mural decorator. 1 Among tho students In school, In 1871 were J.

Frazer, Agnor Pitman, It. H. Hammond. Miss Mary Spencer opened a studio here that year. She tells us that It was chiefly the Held of miniatures, and painting from photographs with which I artists were then able to make money in 1 Cincinnati.

It waa during these years nlso that a painter. Brother Cosmos, cumo here from Munich. Germany, wno organised a club called "Vereln fur Chrlstllche Kuntt." This club supplied the decora-1 tloua foi many churches. In 1873, tho year Powers died In Italy, Duveneck re-turned from Munkh end took charge for a while of a class at the Mechanics' Institute. That year Ben Pitman started practical carving' department.

Pitman came from England. Ho arrived In Cincinnati in isrwi. and. It Is said, became at once infatuated with tlie city he over toft. In England he had been a frlead of John Ruskln.

pitman's name as a carver Is known. Hia hotice on Columbia avenue became a veritable museum of.hla owh work In a. variety of media. In 1870 Cincinnati held Its first Industrial exposition, the institution that brought so many great paintings here years. It Is worth running over the list of international celebrities brought here for the Exposition of '74, for examplo: Gerome, Dupre, Knaua, Breton, Achen-bac'h.

Couture, Vautior, Bethel, Fleury, Inness, ltlehler, Tfoyon, Cabaiiel. Dc-camps, Vlllcgaa, Jacques, Mcls-sonler, Zlem, Becker, Fuller, Stuart, Isabel', Homer, Corot, Dlas, Bolts, Boldlnl, Ijeutse, West, Duveneck, Dole Leasing; among other Interesting Incidents that year- was that a number of. women became greatly Interested in ceramics porcelain decoration, and the first mention of Elisabeth Moursa is mad; flge to report this successful effort tn raise tho additional In when Council granted permission to erect the museum In Eden I'urk, another letter waa received from Mr. West offering the museum authorities another SI.HMjuO for its endowment, an offer only too gladly accepted. Valuable gifts wero soon received from different people which nmd It passible that In 1SW1, on the opening of the Art Museum, which coHt and which occasion was an affnir nf greatest festivity, the muneum presented qultn nn Interesting collodion of Its own.

A limn exhibition showed the spacious galleries upstairs to great advantage. In the meun-lltne several interesting tilings had happened. In 18ND Mrs. Marin Lungworth storer opened a pottery, of which the late liMr. Taylor assumed partnership with Mrs, Storer in ltn active direction in ini.

in; pottery rapidly became famous, ami, be-1 sides, soon proved Itself a llnimcinl success. Tho dccorntorB are drnwn from the best studcnlfl from the Art Academy. Tlie present buildings wero put up In IMRi. Mrs. Storer retired in 1890.

Since Mr. I Taylor's death, last year, Mr. J. H. Geat1 Is the President, and Mr.

John Deo Ware-ham Vice President of the pottery. John Bettig and Valentine worked there for while. in 188a John Twachtmnn tuught at the Art School. Ho Ifl remembered there an a truly inspiring teacher. Tho end of that year a sort of Art Student iV Ingue was formed nt West Fourth street.

In which. Dr. C. 8. Muscroft used to tenure on anatomy.

Unfortunate Turning. In 18S.1 came nn unfortunate turning point through tho so-called local Impressionists' exhibition. A group of MudcntK who had received part of their training in the School of Design a moat rerlotts group of young men who hod gone, after their study here, in hiurope. uetei milieu after their return to bIiow Cincinnati what thoy had accomplished. These men were Twnchtman, Cox, DeCamp.

Hopkins, Rlttcr and Wendel. The exhibition, which was held at CIojwoh'b giillerlea, waa widely discussed, and practically totally misunderstood. Louis Hitler, pupil of Duvcneck'a, who had como hero with Twachtmnn, and who nnd started a private class, was one of thoso who went to Boston In 1883. Henry H. Muhrman was hero for the last tlmo In He dually went to Iondon, where he cnjoyn a creiit reputation.

Joseph Decamp wna horn In Cincinnati In 18o8, anil wax pupil at the School of Design in 187.V78. Ono year ho wont abroad to Munich, and oiif- yeur later studied with Duveneek In Florence. He came back lalur to America, and settled In 1KM In Hon ton. Theodore Wendel was born in Cincin nati In 1857 nnd was a pupil at tho Art School In the- later seventies, when George Hopkins wan here. He and Hopkins atudied later with Duveneck In Florence.

Wendel Is ono of tho most sane nnd serious pn Inters we have. He paints now In hla home In lpawltch, near Boston. George MopKins taught here at the School of Design In '81, when he took Mr. Noble's place, who was abroad for two years. Hopkins palnta now In Raleigh, N.

C. Two interesting local nrtlsta here in 1883 were also Pedrettl and Grafton. The latter Is remembered na moat Interesting personality, as Is also Alfred Brennan, who later became a flue Illustrator: Alexander Frios and Will Drake. It was nt that time that Clement Barn- horn began to work with a man, an excellent wood carver, who has exercised an Interesting Influence here Henry L. Fry, who camo from England.

Fry and Pitman had a studio together at the old No. 70 on Fourth streot. opposite the Plko Building. Wlswell's picture place was on the ground floor then. On the death of Henry L.

Fry his son, William Fry, went right on In his father's footsteps nnd has become the strong cxnmplcr of this craft now in Cincinnati. He succeeded Bonn Pitman In 1802 na teacher at tho Art Academy. The "American Bnrye" an artist has been called who years ago had been eluaely connected with Cincinnati Alfred Humphreys. He has become wen known through his Intelligent wny of modeling nnltnula. He waa born near Cincinnati around I860.

Hu worked for several years here In a large painting oHtabllah-ment. Later he became a decorator at Rookwood. From there ho traveled whllo and through the advice of Abbey went to Paris to Jullen'e. After he re ceived a 'considerable reputation with paintings he turned to sculpture. He now lives In New York.

In 1884 the School of Design passed from the directory of the university to that of the Cincinnati Museum Associa tion. One year later tnero was a good deal of talk about removing the old poal-ortleo building to tho renr of the Art Mu seum Id serve as an art school, plan which finally waa abandoned. Two men became now irrcatly interested In local art development Reuben Springer, who gave to the school and hu.iiuii to tne museum, nnd David Slntoti, Who gave for a school that year. With these liberal gifts a new building was assured; the exercises, wero fittingly celebrated la 1887. The school, as It Herman Wesaol, a former Htudent here, succeeds him.

Mr. Nowottny was an ex-cellent draftsmnn and nn unsurpassed teacher, a powerful factor, nnd Herman WesMol Is about tho most promising of tho younger Cincinnati artists, In lfMHI John J. Emery mndo a henutlfut art bequest of 10 palntlnga to tlie Museum, with tho income from which Is to en-largo tho collection. That year Mr. Thomaa J.

Emery starts her remarkably flue collection of old masters with Goya'x "Countess Qulnto," Among the men that hnvo studied In the Cincinnati Art Acndemy, nnd who hnvo achieved recognition are Daniel' Gnrher and Jamea It. Hopkins. Among the women we find Miss Maud Squire and Mlaa Mnrs nnd Mr. Edna Bols Honklns. Ull of whoso woodblock prints nro known everywhere.

J. H. Sharp has becomo one of the strong exponents of the painting of Indfnna. Hl-t pictures are beautiful In color, and especially his many portraits of chiefs are moat successful. After he studied hero he went to tho Munich Acndemy, and later to Paris.

Ho la beautifully represented at the Museum. Elizabeth Nourso has been ono of tho ortists we are especially proud of. Her work Is so sincere so deep and great In ffellng, beside being painted In such nn nble, broad manner aa to rcvenJ an artist of tlie highest type. It l.i several years now that Miss Nourse has made her homo In Paris, where sho Is Juat ns popular 58 alio la here. In V2 Mr.

Oliver Dennett Orover came hore to take Mr. Duveneck's place for one year at tho Art Academy, tn 1IU3 is the great Bcsnnrd exhibition at the Museum. 'Mrs. Emery gave a masterpiece. Tltlan'a Phllln to Cincinnati.

The Art Club's greatest success. 12.000 people view 1 their exhibition nt tho ground floor of Iho Union Central Life Insurance Building, in 1014 Is tho Bitkat aliil Barnhorn exhibition at tho Museum. Tills "season, we have had an exceptional exhibition by Edna Bols Hopkins end Mlss Mendenhnll and Mlsa Selden, who nro among tho most abtn artiste In town, nnd tho season has been further marked by tho addition of James R. Hopkins to the staff of tho school. We aro nearlng tho end.

We hnvo tried to Bketch In with a big brush tho facta that have given the Queen City a union place in tho art history of thin country. Wo can only say there is a wealth of matorlal. There are a great mnny nblo men and women now living In Cincinnati who have done their share In our development. To add a fow more, there are, among tho women. Misses Ixird.

Spencer, Miller, Wilson, Grey, Young, Dunlap, Sykce. Whittakcr, nnd there are Messrs. Shovill, Rettlg, Potthast, Eachen-baeh, French nnd Schwartz. E. T.

Hurley deserves a special note for tho Mplen-dld use ho has made of local landscape material In various media. Let ua by no means consider this inAmnHiLi of oast achievement purely. Cincinnati's claims to culture were extraordinary In her early days, whllo Ictor, with tho phenomenal growth of other Western cltlea. sho somewhat lost her presllje. Slnco the new century opened, however, our citizens have taken new hope and within the last few years the symbols of new growth abound in the new buildings for schools.

In the great hospital. In our skyscrapers, in a lesa smoky heaven bending over nil. Shall not our art lovers, too, tako heart? Societies, schools, tho Museum, uro hard ut work on the rising generation, while tho older generation Ia reminding Itself with pride and pleasure of Its earlier contribution to tho work. Why not set ourselves a definite goal anil a big one-nnt a aorlety, however hlg, but a city which may fairly he called Friend nf Amcrcnn Art. a Change a cookery book and lake her couraga.ln her hands and extend the ruiiKo of her cooking.

He'll fall III If she doesn't. Con-stltullon won't atund fix succeiislve beef or mutton days. It Is wondcrfut how ucccHsary variety Is to us. Somo time hi nee thero wna published a little book called "The Variegated It waa meant for who are en- gaged In monotonous work nnd who havo a regular "cast-Iron" kind of life one dny Just like nnother. What the author wanted to show people was the harm that resulted from "being always.

Just tho samo" and supply some hints as to how thoy might bring moro variety Into their lives "variegate them," as he expressed It. "People don't recognize how the snme-neua of every day," he said, "nets upon them In inducing doproaalou of spirits, with conaequent nurvo trouble, dyspepsia and other afflictions. Muko your life, as bright with varieties as possible, and don't say you can't afford It. Thero nro a thousand ways in which you can liven thotu up thnt won't cost a cent, and If they'd coat a dollar you'd find pay. Ono of the host ways of making chango In one's room- is by moans of (lowers.

During the summer months It Is easy, to get a frosh patch of color in one'rt room. Don't uiuke the mistake that tho penny one or ono spends on thenv la wasted. A change In color hna an Immense uffeet upon one. and ouo tiooda not Imagine onn.mUBt have a huge cx-penso of It. A single flower of red.

bluo''( or yellow In some prominent place Is healthful relief to the eye and brain, Sala had a friend who used to declare he always felt absolutely a now man when ho was happy ouotigh to be able to afford a new suit of clothes. They war a change. He felt, when he commenced tp wear them, as If he hud just bad s. holiday. Cot the object of which wns "the collection nnd preservation of copies of, paintings and aculptiirea In view of the improve ment of public tnsto nuu tne encuurago ment of art." This organization became later, at tho time of the great centennial, the Women's Museum Association.

The lending spirit among theeo art-lov- Jng Indies was (Mrs. Sarah Peter. Not long after this a loan exhibition was ur-niiiged, which proved to bo a brilliant success. This had lccn muuo posimo uy thc fact that about this time a number of wealthy citizens here had begun to collect pictures, mostly foreign works, among the favorites being of tho Dussel- dorf school of landscape paintings. From this exhibition tno sum or ru.uw wns secured.

Ono thousand dollars was added by Mr. Charles McMlcken for tho purchase of plaster casts which he dcslrod should make the foundation school of design. Mrs. Peter then went to En-rope to aolect casta and to si-curo copies of old mastora and other art works. While In Eurono a Anani'lat crisis came.

Only with the aid of Mrs. Peter and mends to advance tne necffHnary puj-ments could the contracts bo met for which she wns pledged in Europe. The enthusiasm of tho originators was for a time discussed, and It was thought best for the valuable collection to uo piaceu In the hands of tlie Directors of tho McMlcken University. In 18M' Louis Iteblsfio, an Italian, came to Cincinnati. Ho was born In Genoa In lKlfi.

and was driven from Italy by the Revolution. He was lucky in escaping, for ho found out that it would navo meant 15 years in prison If ha had been caught. Some time after his arrival here ne atartec to worn in a lomoai-mu shop which stood where tho Palace Hotel now Is and which belonged to T. D. Jones.

Jones waa a capable man. best work wm "General Lee's Surrender to General Grant." a relief, which la In Columbus. Jones died a few years later. Bcblsfio progressed -rapidly, and In inio hn hecamo the teacher of aculnturo at the School of Design. He died In 1S08.

His best work Is his splendid monument of General Grant In Lincoln Park, Chicago. i Three Artists. In 1857 Robert Blum, Clement J. Barn-horn nnd Edward Potthast aro born In Cincinnati three men that should become artists of tho greatest distinction, ana or whom we shall speak later. In 1868 Charles McMlcken died.

One year after a man came to Cincinnati whose devoted efforts in behalf or art should become a most valuable qne here. This man was C. T. Webber. Of his four large decorative pictures "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Underground Railway are tho nest Known, in anotner ennvas.

"The Musician's Dream," ho uued as hla 'model the then welt- known Cincinnati musician, tosso, in tne year 18fir Henry F. Farny came to Cin cinnati, floating uown me river on a lumber raft. Farny'a recont exhibition has shown In most complete manner the excellent work this intelligent artist has accomplished In his favorite field of painting "Indians." Roosevelt waa right when he said that the nntion owes this Cincinnati painter a great debt: "You aro preserving for future generations phases of American history that are rapidly passing away." This task Farny has accomplished in a most artistic manner. He came' here from the so-called "Western Pennsylvania Wilderness." Later he traveled a sjreat deal, Anally working for Harper's; and th century and incidentally revolutionising the field of school-book illustration. Ha wm Mnt to paint.

a erlsa of.